Frequently Asked Questions

The Kumbh Mela is a great Hindu pilgrimage centred on a holy bath (snan) in a sacred river at an auspicious time. It is held at four places: Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain and Nashik-Trimbakeshwar, each roughly once every twelve years. At Nashik and Trimbakeshwar it is called the Simhastha, because it falls when Jupiter (Guru) is in Simha (Leo).

The Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha is held on the banks of the Godavari at two sacred sites about 28 km apart: Ramtirth in Nashik and Kushavarta Tirth in Trimbakeshwar. Read more in What is the Kumbh Mela.

In Sanskrit, kumbh means a pot or kalash (ritual pitcher), and mela means a gathering. Behind the name lies the story of the pot of amrit, the nectar of immortality, that came out of the churning of the ocean.

The twelve-year cycle has two explanations that fit together. Jupiter takes about twelve years to pass through the twelve signs of the zodiac, staying about a year in each. And tradition says that the gods and the demons fought over the pot of amrit for twelve divine days, each equal to a human year. Read more in What is the Kumbh Mela.

The Kumbh goes back to the story of the Samudra Manthan, the churning of the ocean. The gods (devas) and the demons (asuras) churned the ocean together, with Mount Mandarachal as the churning rod and the serpent Vasuki as the rope, and among the treasures that came out was a pot (kumbh) of amrit. As the two sides fought over it, Jayant, the son of Indra, ran off with the pot, and the chase lasted twelve days.

Tradition says that drops of amrit fell, or the pot was set down, at four places: Haridwar, Prayag, Ujjain and Nashik-Trimbakeshwar. Read the full story in Samudra Manthan Legend.

The Simhastha runs from 31 October 2026 to 24 July 2028:

• Dhwajarohan (flag hoisting), 31 October 2026, 12:02 PM: the opening, when Jupiter enters Leo.
• Major Mela period, 15 June to 30 September 2027: with the Nagar Pradakshina (29 July 2027) and the three Amrut Snans (2 August, 31 August and 11–12 September 2027).
• Dhwajavatarana (flag lowering), 24 July 2028, 3:36 PM: the close of the Simhastha.

There are bathing days throughout this time. See the Snan Calendar for all the dates.

Of the four Kumbh sites, Nashik-Trimbakeshwar has a few special features:

• Two bathing sites: Ramtirth in Nashik and Kushavarta Tirth in Trimbakeshwar, about 28 km apart, for the Vaishnava and the Shaiva akhadas.
• A monsoon Kumbh: like Ujjain’s, it is a Simhastha, held while Jupiter is in Leo; but Ujjain’s falls in spring, while Nashik-Trimbakeshwar’s falls in Shravan and Bhadrapad, in the monsoon.
• Many traditions in one place: the Shaiva and Vaishnava traditions, the memory of the Ramayana at Panchavati and the source of a great river all come together here.

See The Four Kumbh Sites Compared.

Yes. In December 2017, UNESCO added the Kumbh Mela to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: heritage that lies not in buildings or sculptures but in traditions, knowledge, skills and living practices. Read more in What is the Kumbh Mela.

An akhada is an organised group of sadhus who take part in the Kumbh Mela. The word first meant a place for practising wrestling and the art of weapons; for sadhus and sannyasis it has come to mean a centre of spiritual practice, learning and the protection of dharma.

The thirteen akhadas recognised by the Akhil Bharatiya Akhada Parishad take part in the Amrit (formerly Shahi) Snan; the order and timings of their bathing are decided jointly by the Akhada Parishad and the administration. Of these, ten are Shaiva and three are Vaishnava (Bairagi). Read more in Akhadas; the thirteen akhadas and their offices are listed in the Register of Recognised Akhadas and Profiles.

In the Sadhugram, the camp town for the sadhus. NTKMA’s planning data proposes one Sadhugram at Nashik, in the Tapovan area, and one at Trimbakeshwar.

These locations are proposed and may change; the final locations will be published on Akhada Camp Locations, which shows them on the map. Please do not enter akhada camps without permission.

The last Simhastha at Nashik-Trimbakeshwar was in 2015, and the one before that in 2003: in both years Jupiter entered Leo in July. This Simhastha runs from October 2026 to July 2028. The Simhastha comes to Nashik-Trimbakeshwar once every twelve years, so the next one is not until 2039. Read the Historical Timeline of the Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Kumbh.

Tradition tells that the Godavari is the Ganga brought to the earth for Gautam Rishi. To be freed from the sin of killing a cow, Gautam performed severe penance to Shankar, who commanded the Ganga to go to the earth; she appeared on Brahmagiri, at Trimbakeshwar, and Gautam bathed in her water and was freed of sin. So the river came to be called Gautami, and Goda: the one who gives cows, or who frees from the sin of cow-slaughter.

On the Deccan plateau the Godavari has the place that the Indus, the Ganga, the Nile and the Tigris have elsewhere: in her valley farming began, trade routes grew, temples were built and capitals founded. Along her course lie Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Paithan, Nanded, Basar, Bhadrachalam, Rajahmundry and Antarvedi, where she meets the sea, and some scholars call her a “cultural highway”. Read The Godavari: Ganga of the South and the story of her birth in Samudra Manthan Legend.

Trimbakeshwar is one of the twelve jyotirlingas named in the Shiva Purana, and the source of the Godavari is here too. The linga does not stand tall: it lies in a hollow in the ground, and in it are three small linga-like mounds, regarded as symbols of Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh. “Tryambak” means the three-eyed one, that is, Shankar.

Very close to the temple is the Kushavarta Tirth, regarded as the visible source of the Godavari; the Shaiva sadhus bathe there during the Kumbh Mela. Read more in Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga.

The Aranyakanda of the Ramayana tells that after thirteen years of exile, Ram, Sita and Lakshman came, on the advice of Sage Agastya, to stay at Panchavati on the banks of the Godavari, and built a hut of leaves there. Panchavati means a cluster of five banyan trees, and five trees are still pointed out near Sita Gumpha.

Sita Gumpha, Ramtirth, Lakshman Rekha, Tapovan and the Kalaram Temple are among the places bound up with memories of the Ramayana. For Vaishnava devotees this is land sanctified by Shri Ram, and that is why the Vaishnava akhadas bathe at Ramtirth. See Panchavati and the Ramayana Connection and Temple Register and Significance.

The three Amrut Snans of the Simhastha Kumbh Mela 2027 are:

• First Amrut Snan: Monday 2 August 2027 (Somvati Amavasya)
• Second Amrut Snan: Tuesday 31 August 2027 (Shravan Amavasya)
• Third Amrut Snan: 11 September 2027 at Ramtirth in Nashik, and 12 September 2027 at Kushavarta Tirth in Trimbakeshwar

The third Amrut Snan is on two days because the Vaishnava akhadas bathe at Ramtirth on Bhadrapad Shuddha Ekadashi, and the Shaiva akhadas at Kushavarta the next day, Vaman Dwadashi. Muhurat timings are announced by NTKMA. See the Amrut Snan Calendar 2027.

The principal bathing days were traditionally called Shahi Snans (royal baths). Lately the term “Amrut Snan” has come into use at the government level, apparently since the 2025 Mahakumbh at Prayagraj, and the Government of Maharashtra uses it in its announcements for the Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha. Both names refer to the same days. See the Amrut Snan Calendar 2027.

On an Amrut Snan day the akhadas go to the river in grand processions, in their set order, and bathe first; after them come millions of pilgrims. The Vaishnava akhadas bathe at Ramtirth in Nashik. The Shaiva akhadas bathe at the Kushavarta Tirth in Trimbakeshwar.

These are the most crowded days of the Mela. Roads near the ghats are restricted, vehicles are kept away from the ghats and pilgrims walk the last stretch. Give way to the akhada processions and do not cross their routes. If you are elderly, unwell or pregnant, or travelling with small children, choose a quieter day. See the Safety Guidelines.

Yes. The Simhastha is a long festival with many auspicious bathing days (parvanis), not only the three Amrut Snans. The announced schedule counts the days of Ekadashi, Purnima and Amavasya and of the Vaidhriti and Vyatipat yogas as parvani and darshan days. The full calendar, with the muhurat dates for Nashik and Trimbakeshwar, is in the Snan Calendar.

Coming on these days, before or after the main days, is the simplest and safest way to avoid the biggest crowds.

No single body fixes them; the schedule comes out of a dialogue. Local priests’ associations and almanac makers work out the planetary positions; the Akhada Parishad and the mahants accept the calculations and put forward the views of their akhadas; and the state government, the Divisional Commissioner, the police and the Kumbh Mela Authority finalise the schedule with an eye on facilities and security. Where any detail differs, the official announcement applies. See the Snan Calendar.

The Dhwajarohan, the hoisting of the sacred flag, opens the Simhastha. It is held when Jupiter enters Leo: for this Simhastha, on 31 October 2026, with the muhurat at 12:02 PM. The flag is hoisted with prayers and rituals at Ramtirth in Nashik and at Kushavarta Tirth in Trimbakeshwar, and the Snan Calendar lists the day as the Dhwaj Parv. The Simhastha closes with the Dhwajavatarana, the lowering of the flag, on 24 July 2028.

If you plan to attend, expect crowds and traffic restrictions: arrive early and follow the directions of the police and volunteers. See Dhwajarohan Ceremony.

The Nagar Pradakshina is the traditional procession around Nashik before the Amrut Snans. In this Simhastha it falls on 29 July 2027; its timing will be notified. See the Snan Calendar.

Many pilgrims make a sankalp with the bath: they declare aloud who they are, at which place, in which period and with what intention they are bathing. After the bath, charity, japa, meditation and darshan of the sadhus and saints usually follow. Read more in Spiritual Significance of the Snan.

At the ghat, keep yourself and others safe:

• Bathe only at the officially listed ghats, within the marked area, and never in deep or fast-flowing water.
• Take your dip quickly and move on, so that others can bathe.
• Hold children’s hands at all times near the water.
• Follow the instructions of the lifeguards, rescue teams and police.
• If a ghat is closed or the water is high, do not enter the river, even on your planned snan day.
• Do not use soap, shampoo or detergent in the Godavari.

See the Safety Guidelines.

On every Monday of Shravan, thousands of devotees walk around the Brahmagiri mountain at Trimbakeshwar, a circuit known as the Brahmagiri pheri. The route is several kilometres long, hilly and slippery in the monsoon. Gangadwar, where the spring of the Godavari emerges halfway up Brahmagiri, is reached by climbing some five hundred to seven hundred steps. Many pilgrims also follow the river from its source at Trimbakeshwar down to Panchavati in Nashik.

Do not climb Brahmagiri, Anjaneri or other hills at night, in the rain or alone, and stay on the marked paths. See Parikrama and Pilgrimage Routes.

Nashik can be reached by air, rail and road:

• By air: Nashik’s airport is at Ozar, outside the city. The nearest major airports are Mumbai and Pune, from where you can continue by road or rail.
• By rail: Nashik Road is the main railway station, on the main line from Mumbai. Deolali, Odha, Kherwadi and Kasbe Sukene stations are also near Nashik.
• By road: highways link Nashik to Mumbai, Pune, Gujarat, Dhule and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, and long-distance buses come from across Maharashtra and the neighbouring states.

Book early, and arrive the day before an Amrut Snan, not on the morning itself. See How to Reach.

Trimbakeshwar is about 28 km from Nashik by road. On an ordinary day the journey takes about an hour by bus or taxi; during the Mela, with roads closed, traffic diverted and huge crowds, it can take several hours. Travel between the two during the Mela will be part of NTKMA’s transport plan, which will be published on this website.

Pilgrims are usually advised to stay in one place and bathe there. For darshan at the Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga, choose a quieter day rather than an Amrut Snan day. See How to Reach.

On Snan days and other busy days, as announced, vehicles will be kept away from the ghats under the park-and-ride arrangement:

• Park at the outer parking (Park & Ride) on the road you arrive by.
• Take the official shuttle to the inner parking, closer to the ghats.
• Walk from there to the ghat, following the signs.

Do not drive on towards the ghats in the hope of parking closer, do not cross the city to use another road’s parking, and do not park on the roadside or the highway. Note where you parked, and do not leave valuables in the vehicle. Directions to Ghats and Parking shows, road by road, where to park and the nearest ghat.

NTKMA will publish the shuttle timings, the final traffic plan, the route plans and the pick-up points at the railway stations closer to the Mela, on this website and in the live updates. Until then, the travel pages give general guidance, and the parking planned on each entry road is already shown in Park-and-ride and Shuttle Timings. Arrangements can change, so check the live updates before you set out.

Not on its own. Map apps may not show the Mela’s road closures, one-way routes and diversions. On the day, follow the official signs and the directions of the police and volunteers, even where the map shows another way, and check the live updates the day before and again before you set out. See Directions to Ghats and Parking.

Use the parking on the road you arrive by:

• From Mumbai and Thane: the Mumbai Road into Nashik, or the Mumbai route via Ghoti into Trimbakeshwar.
• From Pune: the Pune Road into Nashik, or the Chh. Sambhajinagar and Pune route into Trimbakeshwar.
• From Gujarat: the Peth Road or the Dindori Road into Nashik, or the Gujarat route or the Saputara route into Trimbakeshwar.
• From Dhule and North Maharashtra: the Dhule Road into Nashik, or the Saputara route into Trimbakeshwar.
• From Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar and Marathwada: the Chh. Sambhajinagar Road into Nashik, or the Chh. Sambhajinagar and Pune route into Trimbakeshwar.

NTKMA will publish the final route plans and diversions closer to the Mela. See Routes from Major Cities.

Plan your accommodation in advance and book only through official or trusted channels: beware of fake booking websites and agents, and of calls or messages asking for money for accommodation.

At the large Kumbhs the government sets up a tent city for devotees, where one can stay by paying a fee. Keep an eye on the official announcements about where the tent city will be at this Simhastha and what facilities it will have. See the Local Transport Guide and the Safety Guidelines.

Arrive the day before an Amrut Snan at the latest, never on the morning itself: seats and rooms fill up early for those days, and the roads near the ghats are restricted. Book your travel and your room months ahead, since rooms near Ramtirth and transport for the Mela season go early. If you can, choose a quieter parvani day rather than an Amrut Snan. See The first-timer’s guide to the Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Kumbh.

Carry one or two light bags only, and leave jewellery, valuables and heavy luggage where you are staying.

Take:

• An original photo ID.
• Your regular medicines, with an extra two weeks’ supply, a copy of your prescription, and your Ayushman Bharat or MJPJAY card if you have one.
• A raincoat (better than an umbrella in crowds), a small torch, a water bottle and a dry set of clothes.
• ORS packets, hand sanitiser and a face mask.
• A card with name, phone number and address in the pocket of every child and elderly family member.

Check the Prohibited Items List before you pack, and see the Safety Guidelines.

Nearby Tourist Locations describes monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India, such as the Pandav Leni caves and the Gondeshwar temple at Sinnar, and the tourist places listed by the Nashik District Administration, such as Shree Saptashrungi Gad at Vani, the Coin Museum at Anjaneri and the Dadasaheb Phalke Smarak. Further away, in Chh. Sambhajinagar district, are the Ajanta and Ellora caves, Daulatabad Fort and the Grishneshwar temple. The ASI sets the visiting hours and tickets for its monuments, so check them before you go. See Nearby Tourist Locations.

Facilities Near Me, also on the homepage, lets you search places by town and type, see them on the map and get directions in Google Maps. It already shows the ghats, the parking and Park & Ride, the railway stations, hospitals and medical camps; other services, such as toilets, drinking water and help desks, will be added as NTKMA publishes them. The Facilities Directory lists the same places together, and the SOS button on every page has a link to the nearest help point.

Medical posts will be available near the ghats and across the Mela area, with ambulances on call. Medical Camps, Hospitals and First-aid shows the hospitals and medical camps on the map, and the services planned: temporary ICUs, temporary hospitals for outpatient care and minor ailments, and temporary clinics for first aid, tests and oxygen.

For an ambulance call 108, and for health advice the Health Helpline, 104. Go to the nearest medical post at once if someone has difficulty breathing or chest pain, collapses, becomes confused, has a seizure, or is severely dehydrated or vomiting persistently.

Drink only from the designated safe drinking water stations or sealed bottled water. Eat freshly cooked food served hot, from licensed and inspected vendors, and avoid exposed or pre-cut food. The drinking water points will be shown on Facilities Near Me as NTKMA publishes them.

See Health Advisories.

Choose your ghat in advance, from the officially listed ghats only. The Ghat Register and Significance shows the existing ghats on the Godavari in Nashik on the map, among them Ramtirth, the Gandhi Talao and Anandvalli ghats, and the Kapila Sangam and Takli Sangam ghats. The new ghats planned at Nashik and Trimbakeshwar will be added once NTKMA names and announces them. At Trimbakeshwar, follow the signs and the directions of the police and volunteers to Kushavarta Tirth and the ghats.

NTKMA will announce the arrangements for visitors who need extra help, such as wheelchairs, accessible toilets and help desks, as they are confirmed, and show them on the facilities map. Meanwhile:

• Travel with a companion who can stay with you throughout, and do not go to the ghats alone on busy days.
• Choose less crowded days and hours, and avoid the Amrut Snan days.
• Carry your medicines, medical papers, an identity card and the aids you rely on.
• Ask the police, volunteers and help desks for help at any time.

See Accessibility Guidance.

The live advisories at the top of every page of this website, and the live updates page, carry the latest official updates. NTKMA’s official social media accounts are linked at the top of every page, and official documents are in Government Acts and Rules / GR's. Follow updates only on the official channels of NTKMA, the police and the district administration, and do not believe or spread rumours.

• Emergency (police, fire, ambulance): 112
• Ambulance: 108
• Fire: 101
• Health Helpline: 104
• Disaster Control Room: 1077
• Child Helpline: 1098
• Women Helpline: 181

The SOS button on every page of this website lists these numbers. See the Emergency Contact Directory.

Most crowd accidents happen when people rush, stop in narrow spaces or push against barricades. Patience is the best protection.

• Follow the designated entry and exit routes, barricades and queues, and the instructions of the authorities.
• Agree on a meeting point with your group, and note the emergency exits and other routes as you go in.
• Do not sit, sleep or stop on paths, bridges, ghat steps or narrow lanes, or near barricades, and never climb or break barricades.
• If the crowd pushes, stay calm, keep your arms in front of your chest and move sideways out of the pressure.
• Give way to akhada processions and do not cross their routes.
• Do not believe or spread rumours; follow only official announcements.

See the Safety Guidelines.

Before you set out, agree a meeting point for each stage of the journey, and put a card with name, phone number and address in the pocket of every child and elderly member. Teach children to stay where they are and go to a police officer if they are separated.

If someone goes missing, tell the nearest help desk, police officer or volunteer at once, or go to the nearest Lost and Found centre or police booth, and call 112. Women and children in difficulty can approach any police booth or call 181 or 1098. Lost and Found services will be added to this website. See the Safety Guidelines.

Security checks will be carried out at the entry points to the Mela area and the ghats, and prohibited items may be seized. Leave these at home or where you are staying:

• Weapons and sharp objects, toy guns, explosives and firecrackers.
• Petrol, kerosene and other inflammable liquids; gas cylinders and stoves in crowd and ghat areas; sky lanterns.
• Alcohol and drugs; tobacco, gutka and cigarettes at the ghats and temple areas.
• Plastic carry bags, thermocol plates and cups, and plastic water pouches and bottles under 200 ml.
• Soap, shampoo and detergent for use in the river, and offerings wrapped in plastic.
• Drones without police permission, loudspeakers without permission, and laser pointers.
• Glass bottles, large suitcases and trolley bags at the ghats, and pets in crowd areas.

See the full Prohibited Items List.

• If you have diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart, lung or kidney disease, or are pregnant or elderly, see your doctor before the journey.
• Carry enough medicines for your whole stay, with your prescriptions and a card with your blood group, condition and an emergency contact.
• Drink only safe water, eat freshly cooked hot food, and wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• Drink water regularly and take ORS if you sweat a lot; move to the shade if you feel dizzy.
• Use mosquito repellent and full-sleeved clothes, and use only the designated toilets.
• If you develop a fever, cough or diarrhoea, go to the nearest health camp instead of joining the crowds. For diarrhoea, start ORS at once, and do not take antibiotics on your own.

See Health Advisories and Epidemic and Outbreak Guidance.

The Mela falls in the monsoon, and the Godavari can rise within hours when heavy rain falls in the hills or water is released from the dams upstream. Ghats may be closed at short notice.

• Leave the riverbank when you hear a warning siren or announcement.
• If a ghat is closed or the water is high, do not enter the river.
• Do not climb Brahmagiri, Anjaneri or other hills at night, in the rain or alone, and avoid ghat roads, steep slopes, nalas and waterfalls in heavy rain.
• Do not walk or drive through flooded roads.
• In thunder and lightning, move into a building or a vehicle, away from trees, poles and open water.

See the Safety Guidelines.

• Take help only from uniformed police, officials and volunteers with ID cards, and do not hand over children or belongings to strangers.
• Beware of calls or messages asking for money for darshan, passes or accommodation, and of fake booking websites and agents.
• For puja and rites, deal only through the official Devasthan or priests you know.
• Keep your phone and money in an inner pocket, or in a small bag held in front of you.
• Take information only from the official websites and channels of the government and NTKMA.

See the Safety Guidelines.

• Do not use soap, shampoo or detergent in the Godavari.
• Place flowers and offerings only at the designated places, and never throw plastic, old clothes or garbage into the river.
• Do not bring plastic carry bags or thermocol plates and cups.
• Use the designated toilets, handwashing points and waste bins.
• Report any unusual water colour, odour or discharge to the officials.

See the Safety Guidelines.

The Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Kumbh Mela Authority (NTKMA) is the body set up by the Government of Maharashtra, under the Maharashtra Simhastha Kumbh Mela Act, 2025, to plan, coordinate and oversee the preparations for the Simhastha Kumbh Mela 2027. Its work covers infrastructure, sanitation, safety, transport, digital services and help for pilgrims, together with the government departments, civic bodies, akhadas and other partners. The Commissioner, Nashik Division, is its Chairperson, and the Kumbh Mela Commissioner its Member-Secretary. See About NTKMA.

Office of the Kumbh Mela Commissioner, Nashik Trimbakeshwar Kumbh Mela Authority, Old Zilha Parishad Bhawan, Trimbak Naka, Nashik 422 001.

• Telephone: 0253 2977374
• Email: kumbhmela.2027@mah.gov.in, mahakumbhanashik@gmail.com

In an emergency, call 112. See Contact Us.

Government Acts and Rules / GR's has the Government Resolutions (GRs) under which NTKMA works, among them the establishment of NTKMA under the Maharashtra Simhastha Kumbh Mela Act, 2025. About NTKMA has the minutes of its meetings, the administrative approvals for Kumbh works, the Kumbh Mela Plan (first edition, interim) and the order appointing the Public Information Officer and Appellate Authority under the RTI Act.

NTKMA has invited akhadas, religious trusts, ashrams and other eligible religious, spiritual or social organisations to submit their Sadhugram plot requirements. Submit only one application, and only once, through either the online or the offline form, in English, Hindi or Marathi; more than one submission will not be considered. The last date is 30 November 2026, by the close of official working hours. The forms are in About NTKMA.

NTKMA has invited applications for Kumbh private parking. Read the terms and conditions, the instructions and the Expression of Interest, then fill in the online application. The last date is 16 November 2026, until office hours. See About NTKMA.

• Instagram: @ntkma_official, @simhastha.mahakumbh.ind, @simhastha.mahakumbh.mh, @simhastha.mahakumbh.glb
• X (Twitter): @NTKMA_official, @s_mahakumbh_IND, @s_mahakumbh_MH, @MahaSimhastha
• YouTube: @official_ntkma
• Facebook: @ntkmaofficial

They are also linked at the top of every page. See Official Social Media Links.

The authorised name and the new logo design are in the “Authorized Name and Logo for Simhastha Kumbh Mela 2027” section of About NTKMA.

Yes. The website is in English, Hindi and Marathi: choose your language with the language selector at the top of the page. Your browser remembers the language you choose, and opens the website in it on your next visit. A page whose translation has not been published yet is shown in English. The website also works with screen readers and has a text size control (A−, A, A+). See Accessibility Guidance.

The Image Galleries have photographs of the 2015 Simhastha at Nashik and Trimbakeshwar, of Ramtirth and the Godavari ghats and of the Pandavleni caves, and archive photographs of the Trimbakeshwar temple from the Archaeological Survey of India. More are in the Historical Photograph Archive.